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Sport Studies for Secondary Schools

with speed or while in motion. The outgoing runner must focus his or her attention on
the checkmark and the incoming runner. At the change-over zone, the runners keep
close to the inner or outer line of their lane.

Running 4x100 m relay
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During this phase, the runner with a baton on the hand accelerates to reach a maximum
speed and maintains it, just like in any other sprint.

Baton exchange
In this phase, the incoming and outgoing runners exchange the baton. Baton exchange
includes two fundamental techniques which are upsweep and downsweep. This phase
is marked by the following technical steps:

(i) The outgoing runner accelerates to adopt the speed of incoming runner;
(ii) Incoming runner gives a verbal command (“up” meaning upsweep or “down”
meaning downsweep) for the outgoing runner to receive the baton as the exchange
distance is approached; and

(iii) Outgoing runner extends the receiving arm backwards (according to the exchange
technique used) and the incoming runner reaches forwards.

Upsweep technique
In the upsweep technique, the incoming runner passes the baton with an upward pushing
motion, as shown in Figure 5.9. The baton is pushed as far as possible into the hand
of the outgoing runner. The outgoing runner grips the baton between the finger and
thumb of receiving hand which forms a V-shape. This technique can be performed
using three different methods of baton exchange, namely the outside exchange, inside
exchange and mixed or Frankfurt methods.

(i) Inside exchange: In this method, the incoming runner holds the baton in the
right hand. The outgoing runner receives with the left hand and immediately
transfers the baton from receiving to the passing hand;
(ii) Outside exchange: In this method, the incoming runner holds the baton in the
left hand. The outgoing runner receives with the right hand and immediately
transfers the baton from receiving hand to the passing hand; and

(iii) Mixed or Frankfurt: This exchange method is a combination of the inside and
outside exchange method, the first and third passes are on the inside and the
second is on the outside. The runner in the bend holds the baton in the right
hand, while the runners on straightaways hold it in the left hand. After receiving,
there is no change-over of the baton to the other hand.

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