Page 25 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

mm or more is typically required. Maize grows in deep, loamy, well-aerated soils
with good drainage, organic matter, and ample nutrients. The optimal soil pH for
maize is 6.0 - 7.0; extreme acidity or alkalinity may cause nutrient deficiencies
and mineral toxicity. Additionally, maize requires full sunlight for maximum
photosynthesis. So, shaded areas should be avoided to prevent yield reduction.
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Except for some cases, maize production in Tanzania and most of Sub-Saharan
Africa is rain-fed. In such a situation, a seasonal calendar is important for
decision-making as to when maize production should be done. The crop calendar
varies depending on agro-ecological conditions, as shown in Table 2.1 (a) and
2.1 (b). Some agro-ecological zones in Tanzania receive rainfall either twice or
once per year. For example, the Western zone, Northern highlands, and Eastern
highlands regions experience two rainy seasons (bimodal rainfall). On the other
hand, Central, Southern and Southern highlands experience one rainy season
(unimodal rainfall). However, it should be noted that due to climate change, these
patterns are not static.

Table 2.1 (a): Bimodal rain type

Annual J F M A M J J A S O N D
months
Rainfall
distribution
Description Short Long rains Long dry Short rains
dry season
season
Agronomic practice
Land
preparation
Planting

Harvesting

Marketing

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