Page 48 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

extract or soapy water, avoiding overcrowding to improve air circulation, and
applying recommended insecticide under the advice of an agricultural extension
worker. Figure 3.2 (c) shows the sorghum aphids.

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Figure 3.2 (c): Sorghum aphids

Shoot fly: These are pests that attack young sorghum plants. The larvae damage
the central shoot, causing it to dry out, a condition known as a dead heart. A shoot
fly infestation can be identified by a drying central shoots, which can be easily
pulled out. Management practices include early planting to avoid peak attack
periods, removing affected plants, and using resistant sorghum varieties. Figure
3.2 (d) shows an adult shoot fly and a damaged sorghum stem.

Figure 3.2 (d): Adult sorghum shoot fly and a damaged sorghum stem

Armyworms: These are caterpillars that feed on sorghum leaves, creating holes
and damaging young plants (Figure 3.2(e)). They are most active early in the
morning and late in the evening. Armyworms can be identified by the presence
of chewed leaves and visible caterpillars. They can be managed physically
by handpicking, spraying of insecticide, and field sanitation practices such as
weeding to reduce hiding places.

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