Page 145 - Biology_F5

Biology for Advanced Level Secondary Schools

cause death. An example of poisonous 4. Explain why the placement of
mushrooms is Amanita. fungi under the kingdoms Plantae
(b) Some fungi cause diseases, for example, and Animalia was confusing to
ringworms (dermatophytosis or tinea) early taxonomists.
are fungal skin infection in animals and
smuts in plants. 5. Briefly explain why ascomycetes
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and basidiomycetes are considered to
(c) Foods such as grains, tubers, and fruits be evolutionarily related.
can be destroyed by saprophytic fungi
such as Mucor and Rhizopus if not well
stored. 3.6 Kingdom Plantae

(d) Saprophytic fungi deteriorate organic Task 3.7
materials such as leather, natural Use internet sources and the library to
fabrics, and damp timber, example search for information about kingdom
mold leather, mildew and wet rot fungi. Plantae.

(e) When accidentally consumed in food,
some fungal species affect the nervous Plants can be broadly defined as multicellular
system and may cause hallucinations, eukaryotic photoautotrophs. They contain
example an invasive fungus called chloroplasts which have chlorophyll a
Cryptococcus may cause a serious and chlorophyll b. Some plants contain
inflamation of brain and spinal cord, photosynthetic pigment called carotenoid,
the condition known as cryptococcal which is used for photosynthesis. Their cells
meningitis. have cell walls made up of cellulose and

(f) Some fungi such as the Penicillium, have large permanent vacuoles. Plants store
which are used in pharmaceutical and carbohydrates in the form of starch. They
cheese industries, cause various types reproduce sexually by production of spores
of allergic conditions to some people. and vary from primitive to advanced plants.
On one hand, the most primitive plants such
as Bryophytes produce spores which are of
Exercise 3.10 the same kind and size (homospores) and

1. With examples, explain how the plants are termed homosporous. On the
mycology and its application other hand, the advanced plants, including a
can be an important step towards few species of ferns and all seed producing
industrial revolution in Tanzania. plants are heterosporous, as they produce
two types of spores: micro and macro spores.
2. Give reasons to justify the position Plants exhibit alternation of generations, in
of fungi in their kingdom. which a haploid gamete producing phase
3. Explain the basis for classification called gametophyte generation alternate
of Fungi into different phyla. with the diploid spore producing phase
called sporophyte generation. Plants are

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