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Biology for Advanced Level Secondary Schools
Golgi vesicles. These are responsible for controls all cell activities such as growth,
storage and transportation of secretions of cell division, DNA replication and its
the cells. In addition, the plant cell has a transcription to RNA. It also contains
large central vacuole which is responsible hereditary material, which transmits traits
for storage of nutrients and water. The from parents to the offspring.
nucleus is a vital part of the cell, as it
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Cell wall Plasmodesma Middle lamella Cell walls of adjacent
cells
Nuclear pole
Nuclear envelope Free ribosomes scattered
through cytoplasm
(two membranes)
Nucleus Nucleolus Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Chromatin Heterochromatin Chloroplast
Euchromatin Chloroplast envelope
Smooth endoplasmic (two memberane)
reticulum Granum
Cell surface membrane
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Golgi vesicle
Golgi apparatus
Microtubule – often near Cell sap
to cell periphery Tonoplast Vacuole
Figure 1.4: A generalised structure of a plant cell as seen under electron microscope
Activity 1.1: Observation of a plant (b) Using forceps, remove the thin
cell under a light microscope transparent inner lining.
Materials (c) Put a specimen on a watch glass or
Onion bulb, a light microscope, petri dish containing some water to
microscope slide, slide cover, petri dish prevent shrinking.
or watch glass, iodine solution, water, (d) Mount the specimen at the centre of
forceps, a needle, and a knife or surgical the microscope slide.
blade or scalpel. (e) Add a drop of iodine solution.
Procedure (f) Using a needle, place the cover slip
(a) Slice the onion longitudinally into gently. Make sure there are no air
small parts by using a knife or bubbles under the cover slip.
scalpel.
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