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Comparative studies of natural groups of organisms
such as mango, orange and cashewnut on other organisms directly or indirectly
trees it causes serious crop loss and as source of food. They digest food
consequently income loss. internally, particularly in the gut and store
carbohydrate in the form of glycogen.
(d) Some aquatic weeds can colonise
water bodies and affect ecosystem as Most animals are mobile, thus can move
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well as hindering fishing and boating from one place to another in search for
activities. food, shelter, mates, and safety. Mobility
in animals include movement of organs.
Exercise 1.14 For example corals are sedentary animals
but their organs move to trap food.
1. How would you distinguish kingdom In most animals, body activities and
Plantae from the other kingdoms? responses are coordinated by the nervous
2. Describe the differences between and endocrine systems. Higher animals
the two classes of flowering plants. reproduce sexually, involving haploid
3. You encounter several unfamiliar gametes. Most animals are triploblastic
plants and need to classify them organisms, meaning they have three body
into their respective divisions. How layers (outer layer; an ectoderm, middle
would you distinguish member of layer; mesoderm, and endoderm as an
division Angiospermophyta from inner layer); Examples of such animals
members of other plant divisions. include all multicellular animals, with
4. Describe the structure of a flower. the exception of certain invertebrates
such as the cnidarians and sponges. Some
5. Briefly explain how Hibiscus flower
is adapted for cross pollination. are diploblastic, consisting of two layers
of cells (ectoderm and endoderm); for
example cnidarians (jellyfish, corals and
3.7 Kingdom Animalia sea anemones). Their body symmetry
Task 3.11 is bilateral, except phylum cnidaria that
Use internet sources and the library have radial symmetry body and phylum,
to search for information on kingdom Porifera example sponges whose body
Animalia. regularly lack symmetry. Most animals
have anterior and posterior ends, with oral
Animals are a diverse group of organisms and anal openings.
that make up the kingdom Animalia. This
kingdom comprises of animals, which Kingdom Animalia is divided into
are multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Most of them have high level of tissue about twenty eight phyla including
differentiation and specialised body Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes,
organs. They undergo heterotrophic Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca,
mode of nutrition; that is, they depend Echinodermata, Chordata and other smaller
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