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Computer Science machines, which are powerful options like Ubuntu Server and Red Hat
computers that store large amounts of Enterprise Linux. Apple macOS Server
data and run critical applications for adds server-specific features to the
multiple users on a network. Server OS macOS platform, enhancing file sharing
ensures smooth, secure, and continuous and centralised management tools.
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operations, enabling collaboration and
handling heavy-duty tasks with stability Architectures of Operating
and reliability. Systems
The architecture of an Operating System
Server operating systems come in provides the overall blueprint for how
various types, each focusing on specific the OS interacts with the hardware.
tasks. File servers manage and share It defines how different parts of the
files, web servers make web applications Operating System communicate and
accessible, database servers organise work together. There are two main
and manage large data sets, and mail architectural choices: monolithic
servers handle email communications. kernel architecture and Microkernel
Each type is optimised for its specific architecture. In a Monolithic kernel OS
function to ensure efficient performance. architecture, as shown in Figure 7.2,
Examples of server Operating Systems the core of the OS, called the kernel,
include Microsoft Windows Server, is a single large program that handles
Linux Server Distributions, and Apple everything from managing memory to
macOS Server. Microsoft Windows running applications. It is simpler and
Server is known for its powerful features faster but can be less flexible and secure.
and integration with Microsoft products. It is like a one-person orchestra leader
Linux offers flexible and customisable who does everything themselves.
Applications
User space
Kernel space
System call interface
Kernel
Memory scheduler Interprocess communication Process scheduler
File system Input/Output manager Network manager
Figure 7.2: monolithic kernel OS architecture (To be redrawn)
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for Advanced Secondary Schools
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