Page 59 - Geography for Secondary Schools Student’s Book Form One

Geography for Secondary Schools
Student’s Book Form One

the Amazon Basin in South America. Lakes These sources are the starting points of a
such as Victoria in Tanzania and Kyoga in river flow; they feed water into the river’s
Uganda are examples of basins occupied channel, which eventually forms a stream,
by water. which drains its water towards a river
mouth. The river’s mouth is a point where
the river discharges its water into the ocean,
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Exercise 4.2 sea, lake or swampy area.
1. With examples explain the economic In Tanzania, the major rivers are Rufiji,
and social importance of the following Ruvuma, Kagera, Pangani, Malagarasi,
relief features to the community: Ruaha, Wami and Ruvu (Figure 4.9).

(a) Mountains (b) Plains Major rivers in Africa include the Nile
River (6,650 km long), the largest river
(c) Plateaus (d) Basins in the world and the Congo River (4,700

(e) Hills (f) Valleys km long). River Nile originates from Lake
Victoria basin and discharges its water into
2. Explain how a rift valley differs from the Mediterranean Sea. Other major rivers
other valleys. in the world are the Amazon River (South

3. With examples, describe the processes America) 6,400 km long, the Mississippi
of mountain formation. River (North America) 6,275 km long, and
4. Describe human activities on Yangtse River (Asia) 6,385 km long.
mountains.

Lakes
Water bodies on the earth’s surface A lake is a hollow or depression in the
earth’s surface that contains fresh or
A water body is a mass of stationary or salty water. Example of lakes in Tanzania
moving water which occupy the surface of includes Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa,
the Earth. Water bodies can be salty or fresh, Rukwa, Manyara, and Eyasi (Figure
large or small. Water occupies about 71 4.9). All these lakes, except Victoria are
percent of the earth’s surface. There is more rift valley lakes. Lake Victoria is a basin
water surface in the southern hemisphere lake. Some lakes are so large that they are
than in the northern hemisphere. Some of called seas. Examples of such lakes are
the major water bodies are rivers, lakes, the Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, and the Aral
seas, and oceans. Sea. Although most lakes are permanent,
Rivers few of them are temporary depending on

A river is a mass of fresh water flowing climatic variations. Some lakes are natural
by gravity in a definite channel from the whereas others are man-made. For example,
source to the mouth. The source of a river in Tanzania, natural lakes include Lake
may be rainfall, natural spring, melting Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, Rukwa and
glacier, marshland, or lake. A river can Manyara while man-made lakes include
also originate from underground aquifers. Lake Kidatu, Mtera, Kihansi, and Tipe.

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