Page 165 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

Sudden, involuntary and painful Pancreatic juice
contractions of a single muscle or a group Digestive juice secreted by the pancreas
of muscles in the body and released into the duodenum

Mutualism Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship whereby both A symbiotic relationship, whereby one
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species benefit from the relationship organism (the parasite) benefits, while the
Nutrient other (the host) is harmed
A chemical component of food. It is a Passive transport
substance needed by an organism for various The transport of materials that does not
activities such as growth, body repair, and require energy
maintenance.
Pathogen
Nutrition A disease-causing organism
The process by which living things feed on Peristalsis
materials from their environment
The waves of muscular contractions and
Oesophagus relaxations that propel food through the
A muscular tube that conveys food boluses oesophagus into the stomach
from the pharynx to the stomach Pharynx

Omnivores The cavity at the back of the mouth and
Animals that feed on both plants and other nose
animals
Phloem
Organ Tissues made up of sieve tube elements and
A group of tissues that carry out the same companion cells that transport manufactured
function food in vascular plants
Organelles Photosynthesis
Small structures found inside cells, The process by which green plants make
having a specialised function, for example their own food using carbon dioxide,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, or vacuoles water, and sunlight energy
Osmosis Plasma
The process by which water molecules A pale-yellow fluid which forms the bulk
move from dilute solution to a concentrated of blood
solution through a semi-permeable Plasmodesmata
membrane Pores found in phloem, which allow

Palisade exchange of materials
The part of the leaf below the upper Plasmolysis
epidermis with elongated cells that are The process by which a plant cell loses
arranged at right angles to the surface of water, when placed in a hypertonic solution
the leaf. They contain chloroplasts which Platelets
are the sites of photosynthesis
Types of cells found in blood that are

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