Page 356 - Biology_F5

Regulation (Homeostasis)

in the urinary tract causes distension of the the bodies of mammals in different
walls of the bladder, ureter, urethra, and environmental settings?
kidneys. This condition may stem from 2. How are nephrons adapted to the
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) functions they perform?
such as syphilis and gonorrhoea. Its
preventive measures include prevention 3. In what ways do the urinary disorders
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against STDs and seeking for medical affect the normal functioning of the
assistance whenever sensing signs of human body?
STIs. 4. How does the type of nitrogenous
wastes excreted by an animal relate
Diabetes insipidus (DI) to water availability in its body?
The term diabetes insipidus is made up 5. Urine is the waste that the body must
of two words; diabetes, which means get rid of it. How is it formed?
‘overflow’, and insipidus which means
‘tasteless’. From this basic implication, 7.4 Osmoregulation
diabetes insipidus means excessive
production of very dilute urine. It is caused Task 7.7
by deficiency of vasopressin hormone Search from the library and internet
which is released by the posterior lobe sources the osmoregulation in marine
of the pituitary gland. The vasopressin or elasmobranch and in mammals. Write
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) facilitates short notes on the searched information.
reabsorption of water by the distal
convoluted tubule and the collecting duct In most vertebrates, kidneys are the
of the nephrons. Therefore, lack of this most important organs involved in
hormone implies that much water remains osmoregulation. The kidneys perform
in renal fluid; thus, it is lost through urine. several functions critical to homeostasis.
Such functions include maintaining the
The symptoms of diabetes insipidus balance between water and various types
include excessive dilute urine, intense of salts. This is important because ions
thirst, and tiredness. Regular physical such as Na , Ca , and K greatly affect
2+
+
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exercises and healthy eating may prevent the functioning of the body systems such
an individual from getting diabetes. as the skeletal, nervous and muscular
Diabetic patients are advised to go to systems. The kidneys produce urine; a
the health centre or hospital for medical liquid that contains a number of different
advice and proper treatment. metabolic wastes. The concentration
of urine produced by an animal varies
depending on the environment as well
Exercise 7.3 as on the factors, such as water and
salt intake. The process of maintaining
1. How would you apply the knowledge constant body’s osmotic condition is
of major products in mammals to called osmoregulation. It is concerned
educate your fellow students on waste with the regulation of water and solute
elimination and water conservation in concentration of the body fluids.

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