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Computer Science (h) Unary operator: This includes Postfix: expr++ expr-- and Prefix: ++expr,

--expr, +expr, and -expr as shown in Table 5.13.

Table 5.13: Unary operator
Operator Description
Example
Explanation
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
+
Unary plus
operator (promotes +5 No effect on the value; it is typically
used to explicitly indicate a positive
the value) number.
- Unary minus -5 Negates the value, changing positive
operator (negates numbers to negative and vice versa.
the value)
++ Increment operator ++a or Pre-increment (++a) increases value
(increases the a++ before use; post-increment (a++)
value by 1) increases value after use.

-- Decrement --a or a-- Pre-decrement (--a) decreases value
operator (decreases before use; post-decrement (a--)
value by 1) decreases value after use.

! Logical !true Inverts the boolean value, changing
complement true to false and vice versa.
operator (inverts
boolean value)

Operator precedence in Java
Operator precedence in Java defines the rules that determine the order in which
different operators in an expression are evaluated. When an expression contains
multiple operators, operator precedence dictates which operations are performed
first. Table 5.14 shows operator precedence as used in Java programs.

Table 5.14: Operator precedence in Java

Category Operator Associativity
Primary () [] . Left-to-right
Unary ++ -- + - ~ ! (type) new Right-to-left
Multiplicative * / % Left-to-right
Additive + - Left-to-right
Shift << >> Left-to-right
Relational and type testing < <= > >= instance of Left-to-right
Equality == != Left-to-right

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for Advanced Secondary Schools

Computer Science Form 5.indd 340 23/07/2024 12:34