Page 62 - General and Inorganic Chemistry for Advanced Secondary Schools Students Book Form Five and Six

Biology for Secondary Schools

2. Classify the organisms in and birds can be grouped together
Figure 4.2 based on the because of the resemblances of their
following features: few external features.
(a) How big or small their (b) Similar organisms may be placed
size is in different groups because of the
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(b) How they move use of only few observable features,
(c) Where they live
for example, bats and rats can be
3. How many organisms did you grouped in different groups.
get in each of the categories in (c) It provides only limited information
procedure 2? about each member. For example,
organisms, such as bacteria and some
Advantages of artificial system of fungi are grouped as micro-organisms
classification because they are microscopic.
(a) It is based on simple and easily This classification ignores other
observable features. Artificial features, such as modes of feeding,
classification is therefore reproduction, and cell structure.
straightforward and easy to use. (d) It does not allow the prediction

(b) It is simple to identify and classify of information; hence limits more
organisms since newly discovered advancement in taxonomy.
organisms with just a few known (e) It is less accurate because it uses
features can be easily fitted in. only few observable characteristics,
(c) It is stable because it does not change such as mode of feeding, habitat,
with time or new discoveries. locomotion, or presence of wings.
(d) It is less expensive because it uses
few observable features to group Natural system of classification
the organisms. In the natural system of classification,

(e) It does not require special organisms are grouped based on many
classification techniques or highly features in common, particularly those
skilled personnel.
related to evolutionary relationships.
In this system, characters that show
Disadvantages of artificial system of
classification homology or similarity of origin must
be distinguished from those showing
(a) Some organisms that are unrelated in analogy or similarity of use. For

their internal structure such as bats example, the arms of man, forelimbs

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