Page 236 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

Bones: Bones can be cleaned and crushed to make bone meal. Bone meal is used
as a source of minerals in animal feeds. In some areas, bones are also used to
make tools or ornaments.
Offal: Offal are the internal organs such as the liver, intestines, lungs and heart.
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They must be washed well and kept cool to avoid spoilage. They are rich in
nutrients and are an important part of meat consumption in many Tanzanian
communities, especially because of their lower price with exception of some like
a liver.

Blood: Blood from slaughtered animals can be collected in clean containers. It
can be dried and processed into fertiliser or added to animal feed after proper
treatment. Blood is rich in protein and other nutrients, but must be handled with
care to avoid contamination.

Proper management of cattle by-products improves the value of each animal
slaughtered. It also helps to keep the slaughter area clean and safe. Poor handling
leads to waste, bad smells, and the spread of diseases. With good training and
planning, the use of beef by-products can become a business opportunity for
generating income.

Activity 10.14

Visit a meat processing facility, then:
(a) Observe how hides, bones, offal and blood are handled.
(b) Record how each by-product is preserved, stored or reused.

(c) If possible, take photos or draw illustrations of observed by-product uses.
(d) Reflect on what you have learnt by answering the following questions:
(i) What was done with by-products, and how does this help the environment
or business?

(ii) How can the observed uses of by-products be improved to increase safety
and value?

Beef cattle marketing

Beef cattle marketing is the process of selling live cattle or beef products to earn
income. It is the final stage in the beef cattle value chain. Marketing connects
producers to consumers or traders. When done well, it helps to improve profits
and supports better herd planning. Good marketing also reduces waste and

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