Page 118 - Agriculture_Form_Three

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

expensive than plant sources. Plant sources of protein include oil seed cakes such
as cotton and sunflower seed cakes. They also include other legume grains such
as soya beans. Animal sources of protein include marine and fresh water fish, for
example, sardines, blood and meat meal. Figures 5.9 (c) and 5.9 (d) show some
protein concentrates.

Figure 5.9 (c): Cotton seed cake Figure 5.9 (d): Sardines
Minerals are derived from organic and inorganic sources. Organic sources include
animal skeletons, oyster shells and egg shells. Inorganic sources include limestone
and other rocks or soil materials that are rich in specific minerals. Vitamins are
usually available in green plants. However, supplements are produced by specialised
industries and are obtained from dealers in agriculture or livestock inputs. However,
vitamins are often combined with minerals as special commercial formulae.

Criteria for feed selection

The livestock farmers have to aim to prepare or purchase feeds of good quality,
which are cost effective and which meet the requirement of the animal. These feeds
must also be liked by the animal. In addition, they can be stored for a desired period
of time. Choosing what feed material a livestock farmer can use for his animals is
a decision which must be based on a good understanding of the following criteria:
(a) The nutritional requirements of the animals
(b) The type of animal to be fed
(c) Nutritional value of the available feedstuffs
(d) Costs of the available feeds
(e) Storage ability
(f) Availability of feeds
(g) Palatability and physical form of the feed
(h) Presence of anti-nutritional factors

Nutritional requirements of the animals: Nutritional requirements of animal for
maintenance and production are given on the basis of age, weight, sex, activity

Student’s Book Form Twos Book Form Three
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