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Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) would like to acknowledge the contributions
of all the organisations and individuals who participated in designing and developing
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
this textbook. In particular, TIE wishes to thank the Ministry of Health, Community
Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDEC), Ministry of Education and
Vocational Training - Zanzibar, The University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Sokoine
University of Agriculture (SUA), Dar es Salaam University College of Education
(DUCE), The National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), school quality
assurance offices, teacher’s colleges and secondary schools.
Besides, the following individuals are also acknowledged:
Writers: Dr Henry E. Nkya & Mr Marcus I. Kipangule (TIE)
Reviewers: Ms Mwanahamis A. Jokolo, Mr Japhet J. Mwagumbo & Mr Mikidadi
J. Rwechoka (TIE)
Editors: Dr Charles Lyimo (SUA), Dr Heriel N. Moshi (UDSM) & Dr Felister
W. Mwingira (DUCE)
Designer: Mr Fadhili Hashimu (TIE)
Photographer: Mr Chrisant Ignas (TIE)
Illustrators: Mr Fikiri A. Msimbe & Mr Hance E. Wawar (TIE)
Coordinators: Ms Mwanahamisi A. Jokolo & Mr Japhet J. Mwagumbo
TIE extends its honest appreciation to the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID)-Tanzania for granting permission to use materials from the
2008 Biology for Secondary Schools, Form 3 (First Edition) textbook.
TIE also appreciates the secondary school teachers and students who participated in the
trial phase of the manuscript.
Similarly, TIE would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
for facilitating the writing and printing of this textbook.
Dr Aneth A. Komba
Director General
Tanzania Institute of Education
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