Page 157 - Biology Form Two
P. 157
Biology for Secondary Schools
(iv) fatigue;
(v) chills; Chapter summary
1. Gas exchange is the exchange
(vi) body aches;
of oxygen and carbon dioxide
(vii) headaches; through a respiratory surface.
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(viii) sore throat; 2. Features of a respiratory surface
(ix) loss of sense of smell and taste; are
(x) nausea; (a) thin membrane;
(b) large surface area;
(xi) diarrhoea; (c) moist lining; and
(xii) chest pain; and (d) dense network of capillaries.
(xiii) muscle ache. 3. The components of the respiratory
system of mammals are nose,
Prevention and control of COVID-19 pharynx, glottis, trachea, lungs,
(i) Wash your hands often with soap bronchioles, alveoli, ribs, pleural
and running water for at least membranes, and diaphragm.
twenty seconds or clean them with 4. Gas exchange is affected by
an alcohol-based sanitizer. the amount of haemoglobin in
(ii) Practise both social and physical the blood and carbon dioxide
distancing. concentration.
(iii) Cover your nose and mouth 5. In plants, gas exchange can take
with a face mask in crowded place through the stomata in the
environments. leaves, lenticels in woody stems,
(iv) Avoid touching the face, or in breathing roots.
particularly the nose, mouth, and 6. Respiration is a process by which
eyes. food substances are broken down
(v) Clean and disinfect the frequently to release energy.
touched surfaces with soap and
water or alcohol-based sanitizer. 7. Aerobic respiration takes place in
(vi) Quarantine. the mitochondria in the presence
(vii) Practise isolation if you are of oxygen.
infected. 8. Anaerobic respiration takes place
in the cytoplasm, in the absence
of oxygen.
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