Page 59 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

that of human beings as their stomach is Procedure
divided into four chambers called rumen, 1. Observe the model for the external
reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Only part of the ruminant digestive
the abomasum is a true stomach because system.
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it secretes gastric juices. The other three 2. Observe the model for the internal
chambers are false stomachs. Human part of the ruminant digestive
beings have only one stomach. system.

Ruminants can regurgitate and rechew 3. Note their differences with that of
swallowed food whereas human beings the human being.
cannot. Ruminants have bacteria in 4. Prepare brief notes from your
their digestive system which produce observations.
cellulase enzyme that helps to break
down cellulose or fibers. Human beings Exercise 2.2
do not have bacteria that can break 1. Describe features that that allow

down cellulose. Another difference is cows and goats to be classified as
that ruminants have cellulase enzyme ruminants.
which is involved in cellulose digestion. 2. How can you differentiate the
This enzyme is found only in ruminants stomach of a cow from that of a
and other herbivores; it is not found in human being?
human beings. Furthermore, ruminants 3. Human beings cannot eat grass

lack some types of teeth such as upper whereas cows can. Support the
incisors and canines. Instead, they have statement.
a horny pad, which helps in chewing 4. Explain the adaptive features of
food. Human beings have upper incisors the ruminant’s digestive system.
and canines. Ruminants also have a gap
on the lower jaw known as diastema.
Human beings do not have diastema. Disorders and diseases of human
digestive system
Activity 2.2: Observe of the digestive Task 2.6
system of a ruminant animal
Search the library and internet sources
Materials: for disorders and diseases of the human

Model for the external and internal digestive system. Then, prepare a
digestive systems of a ruminant, a summary of your results.
notebook, and a pencil

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