Page 299 - Biology_F5

Chapter
Six

Gas exchange and
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
respiration

Introduction

Gas exchange and respiration are vital processes that provide energy for all metabolic
activities in living organisms. In this chapter, you will learn about physiology of gas
exchange and respiration in mammals which include mechanism of transportation of
gases, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. You will also learn about gas exchange in plants
which includes mechanisms and theories of stomata opening and closing. You will also
carry out anatomical and physiological investigations related to gas exchange system in
living organisms. The competences developed will enable you to avoid factors that can
affect your respiratory system and use anaerobic processes to make food products, such as

breads and yoghurt.

gas exchange within the organism’s body
Think is called respiratory surface. The process
of gas exchange takes place by diffusion.
The world without the knowledge on
fermentation, gaseous exchange and In mammals, the principal organ for gas
respiration. exchange is the lung(s).
6.1 Gas exchange in mammals 6.1.1 The internal structure of the

Task 6.1 mammalian lung
Search from internet sources simulations A pair of lungs is situated in the thoracic
of gas exchange in mammalian lungs. cavity together with the heart. The cavity has
Note down what you have observed. a protective bony cage called the rib cage.
The rib cage has ribs and intercostal muscles
Gas exchange entails a process of exchanging that allow its movements during exhalation
respiratory gases between the cell of an
organism and its environment. Oxygen and inhalation of air. It is surrounded by a
gas is required for aerobic respiration. All double pleural membrane between which
organisms that undergo aerobic respiration pleural fluid is found. The fluid serves as a
obtain oxygen from their environment and lubricant, preventing abrasion of the lungs
carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration during breathing. It is also associated with
is returned to the environment. The area for the muscular sheath known as the diaphragm.

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