Page 363 - Biology_F5

Biology for Advanced Level Secondary Schools

Coenzyme Q A crucial component of the Facultative parasites Organisms that can
oxidative phosphorylation process live either as parasites when the host is
in mitochondria which converts the available or as a free living organism
energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids when the host is not available
into ATP to drive cellular machinery Foetus Developing offspring inside the

Cytochromes The electron carrier agents maternal uterus (womb) in a prenatal
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that are essential component of the stage between embryonic stage and
electron transport chain. They can birth
undergo reduction and oxidation Fossorial Animals that live underground,
(losing or gaining electron) but does digging tunnels and burrows. Some
not react with oxygen. of them are completely subterranean,
Dendrites Branched protoplasmic extensions while others come up to the surface
of a nerve cell that propagate the for some hours of the day.
electrochemical stimulation received Glycogenolysis A process whereby glycogen
from other neural cells to the cell body (which is the primary carbohydrate
Dissection The process of cutting open the stored in the liver and muscle cells of
body part of anaesthetised or deceased animals) is broken down to glucose
animal or plant to investigate its in order to provide immediate energy
anatomical structure and body systems and maintain blood glucose levels
Ectotherm An organism whose body during fasting. This process occurs
temperature depends on external primarily in the liver and is stimulated
sources, such as sunlight or a heated by two hormones, namely glucagon
rock surface and epinephrine (adrenaline).

Endemic A native species of animal or plant Grazing A type of herbivory in which
which are only found in a restricted an animal eats grass or forbs. Such
area and not other places or an area in animals are called grazers, and include
which a particular disease is regularly cows and sheep
found, or a regular condition or disease Guard cells Specialised epidermal cells
found among particular people. of the leaves and stems. They contain
Endotherm Organisms that use internally chloroplasts used in photosynthesis.
They occur in pairs that form a pore
generated heat to maintain body between them called stomata, that
temperature. Their body temperature regulate the gas exchange by opening
tends to stay steady regardless of and closing of the stomatal pore.
the environmental temperatures. Haemoglobin (hemoglobin) An iron
The endotherms include birds and containing protein molecule of the
mammals. red blood cells used to transport
Epiglottis Elastic cartilage covered with a oxygen in the blood of almost all
mucosa membrane, found in the throat vertebrates as well as the tissues of
that prevent the food from entering some invertebrates. It is abbreviated
the windpipe (trachea) and the lungs as Hb or Hgb.

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