Page 364 - Biology_F5

Glossary

Hepatopancreatic sphincter Muscular and lie between the bundle sheath cells
valve that regulates the flow of bile and the leaf surface
and pancreatic juices Metameric segmentation A series of alike
Hibernation Adaptive mechanism that segments running along the length of
helps many animals to conserve energy the body
by remaining inactive, greatly slowing Nissl’s bodies Granular bodies of variable
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their metabolism and reducing their size found in nerve cell bodies and
body temperature for days, weeks, or dendrites
months. Animals hibernate in order Phosphorylation The process of adding
to survive long periods of adverse a phosphate group to a molecule or
conditions. an organic compound
Homoeothermic animals Animals that Photoheterotrophs Organisms that use
maintain a stable body temperature light to produce energy and complex
by regulating metabolic processes. organic matter
Examples are birds and mammals. Photolysis A chemical process by which
Hyperthermia Elevated body temperature water molecules are broken down into
due to failed thermoregulation that smaller units through absorption of
occurs when a body produces or light during photosynthesis
absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Photorespiration A metabolic pathway that
Hypertonic solution A condition where occurs in plants in the presence of light.
the solution outside the cell has has In this pathways ribulose biphoshate
higher concentration of solutes than carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCo)
that inside fix oxygen instead of carbondioxide
Hypotonic solution A condition where the to form phosphoglyceric acid and
solution outside the cell has lower 2-phosphoglycolate. This a product
concentrations of solutes than that cannot be used in the Calvin cycle.
inside Phycobilins Light capturing bilins,

In situ Item being in its natural, normal, which are water soluble and contain
or original place or position chromophore that make them coloured,

Intercostal muscles Group of muscles mainly orange, red, and blue pigments
which make and move the chest found in red algae and cyanobacteria.
wall. They run between one rib and Phycoerythrobilin The red phycobilin,
another, and they are involved in the found in some organisms such as
mechanical aspect of breathing. cyanobacteria and the chloroplast of
Lean muscle mass The total weight of red algae which act as the terminal
the body minus all the weight due to acceptor of energy
your fat mass Phytopathogenic Organisms which are
Lean mass = total weight – fat mass pathogenic to plants

Mesophyll cells Photosynthetic cells in Pili Hair like filaments that extend from
plant leaves which are loosely packed the cell membrane into the external

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