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(iv) Attributes: Attributes, also known Exercise 4.1
as fields or properties, are defined
in the class template and represent 1. What criteria must a programming
an object’s state. They store data language meet in order to be
associated with objects. classified as an Object-Oriented Chapter Four: Object oriented programming with C++
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Programming language?
The organisation of an object-oriented 2. How are classes different from
program through these structures objects? Illustrate with your own
promotes code reusability, scalability, suitable examples.
and efficiency.
3. How would you explain the concept
Code reusability: Is the practice of of a class to someone who has
utilising existing code for new purposes never encountered object-oriented
without rewriting it. For example, in programming before? Can you
Object-Oriented Programming, specific think of an everyday example that
vehicle types like Cars, Trucks, and resembles a class in programming?
Motorcycle are created by inheriting 4. Why is it important to understand
common functionalities from a superclass the relationship between classes
like Vehicle. and objects in Object-Oriented
Programming? How does this
Scalability: Is the system’s ability relationship contribute to the
to handle increased workload or organisation and efficiency of
expand without structural changes. code?
For instance, in a banking application,
adding new account types like checking Key principles of Object-Oriented
accounts without altering existing code
demonstrates scalability. Programming

Efficiency: Refers to the optimal utilization Encapsulation
of system resources. For example, To understand well the meaning of
efficiently storing student records in encapsulation, visualise how you are
memory using data structures like arrays going to build a house as shown in Figure
and implementing fast sorting algorithms 4.2 for your household dog. In OOP this
for large datasets showcases efficiency. house represents a class. This house
may have a bedroom for a dog to sleep
OOP also facilitates collaborative in as well as a playroom. These rooms
development by dividing projects into are examples of an attribute of the dog’s
groups. OOP provides benefits such as house. In this house a dog can have a door
abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, for entering and for leaving outside the
and encapsulation. pet dog house. This dog door represents

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Student’s Book Form Five

Computer Science Form 5.indd 213 23/07/2024 12:33