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data between the mobile device
Computer Science Network protocols (d) 5G Protocols
and the Internet.
Network protocols are rules and
conventions for communication between
network devices. They ensure that data
(i) NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio
is transmitted accurately and securely
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Access Network): Protocols for
across the network.
the new radio access network.
Common mobile network protocols (ii) 5GC (5G Core): Core network
(a) GSM (Global System for Mobile protocols handling data and
Communications) signaling.
(i) MAP (Mobile Application Part):
Used for network signaling. Network security protocols
(ii) BSSAP (Base Station Subsystem (i) SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets
Application Part): Manages Layer/Transport Layer Security):
communication between BSC Secures data transmission over the
and MSC. Internet.
(iii) SS7 (Signaling System No. 7): (ii) IPSec (Internet Protocol Security):
Controls signaling across the Secures IP communications by
network. authenticating and encrypting each
IP packet.
(b) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) (iii) HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer
(i) IS-95: Standard for CDMA Protocol Secure): Secures web
networks. communication.
(ii) CDMA2000: Enhanced version
providing high-speed data Exercise 3.11
services. 1. Explain the fundamental differences
between PSTN and mobile
(c) LTE (Long Term Evolution) telephone systems in terms of
(i) S1-AP (S1 Application Protocol): infrastructure and technology.
Handles signaling between 2. Describe the process of a call setup
eNodeB (base station) and EPC and teardown in a PSTN. What are
(Evolved Packet Core). the roles of the central office and
(ii) X2-AP (X2 Application the local loop in this process?
Protocol): Manages signaling 3. How does handover work in a
between eNodeBs. mobile telephone system? Describe
(iii) GTP (GPRS Tunneling the different types of handovers and
Protocol): Used for carrying the scenarios in which they occur.
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for Advanced Secondary Schools
Computer Science Form 5.indd 208 23/07/2024 12:33
