Page 216 - Computer_Science_F5

Chapter Three: Advanced Computer Networks

(c) Base Station Controllers (BSC): They manage multiple BTSs, handling resource
allocation and mobility management.
(d) Mobile Switching Centers (MSC): These are the central nodes that manage call
routing, handovers, and interface with other networks.
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
PSTN

Home phone

MSC MSC

BSC BSC BSC BSC

BS BS BS BS
BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS

Cellular system infastructure
Figure 3.62: Mobile system infrastructure

Implementation of mobile telephone Evolution
system (a) 1G (Analog): Basic voice

(a) Cell structure: The coverage area communication with limited capacity
is divided into cells, each served and security.
by a BTS. This structure allows (b) 2G (GSM): Digital communication,
for frequency reuse and efficient improved voice quality, text
coverage. messaging, and basic data services.
(b) Handover: When a user moves (c) 3G: Enhanced data capabilities,
from one cell to another, the call supporting mobile Internet and video
is transferred seamlessly between calls.
BTSs, managed by the BSC and (d) 4G (LTE): High-speed Internet,
MSC. better quality of service, and support
(c) Call setup and routing: Calls are set for a wide range of applications.
up by the MSC, which connects the (e) 5G: Ultra-fast Internet, low
call to the correct destination, either latency, massive connectivity for
within the mobile network or to other IoT devices, and enhanced mobile
networks like the PSTN. broadband.

207
Student’s Book Form Five

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