Page 86 - General and Inorganic Chemistry for Advanced Secondary Schools Students Book Form Five and Six

Biology for Secondary Schools

Distinctive features of Fungi
(a) They have cell walls made up
of chitin, which is a substance
containing protein and complex
sugars.
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(b) Their bodies are made up of a
mycelium consisting of a network
of fine, tube-like filaments called
hyphae (except yeast). Figure 5.13: Yeast cell
(c) They feed saprophytically, for
example mushroom; but some of Characteristics of ascomycetes
them are parasitic, for example (a) Some ascomycetes such as yeast
Candida albicans.
are unicellular and others such as
Penicillium sp. are multicellular.
Phyla of the kingdom Fungi
The members of kingdom Fungi are (b) Most ascomycetes have a
classified into different phyla. There saprophytic mode of feeding and
are three main phyla in kingdom Fungi. can grow on the surfaces of dead
These are Ascomycota, Zygomycota, organic materials such as rotting
and Basidiomycota. fruit and other foods.
(c) They have long tube-like filaments
Task 5.8 called hyphae with cross walls.

Search information from the library (d) They reproduce sexually through
and reliable internet sources on yeast, spores known as ascospores,

bread mould, and mushroom. Note and asexually through fission,
down their characteristics, advantages fragmentation, or budding (See
and disadvantages. Figure 5.14).

Phylum Ascomycota Parent cell Nucleus
Members of this phylum are commonly
called ascomycetes or sac fungi. This is
because their sexual spores are enclosed Budding cell
in sac like structures known as asci
(singular is ascus). Some ascomycetes Figure 5.14: Yeast budding
such as yeast are single-celled
(unicellular) organisms. (See Figure
5.13).

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