Page 89 - General and Inorganic Chemistry for Advanced Secondary Schools Students Book Form Five and Six

Biology for Secondary Schools

(d) They produce sexual spores called Question
basidiospores contained in club– Based on your individual observations
like structures known as basidia. and comparisons with Figure 5.16, what
(e) They have hyphae with cross conclusion can you draw regarding the
walls (septate), volva, stipe (stem- structure of the mushroom?
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like structure), ring, cap, and gills.
Advantages of fungi
Activity 5.5: Investigating the structure (a) Most strains of mushrooms and
of a mushroom toadstools, such as Agaricus sp. are
edible. They are used as sources of
Materials: Mushroom, hand lens, food and they have a high content
scalpel, petri dish, scissors or sharp of proteins and vitamins.
knife, pencil, and notebook (b) Fungi, such as yeasts (Saccharomyces
sp.) are used in food manufacturing
Procedure industries, such as in bakeries (they
1. Use a hand lens to examine the make dough to rise). Yeast is also
mushroom structure. used in brewing beer by fermenting
2. Describe the key features and sugars to produce alcohol.
structures you observe when you: (c) They are used in making lactic
(a) view from the side; and acid, citric acid, cheese, and
(b) view from the lower surface commercial enzymes.
of the cap. (d) Some fungi such as Penicillium
3. Use a scalpel or knife to cut the spp. are important in production
mushroom vertically into two of drugs such as penicillin.
equal parts. (e) Most species of fungi are used in
genetic engineering and biological
Caution
Care should be taken when using researches.
sharp objects, such as knife. (f) Saprophytic fungi are very important
in the decomposition of dead

4. Describe the features and organisms and waste materials.
structures you see in: Through decomposition by fungi,
(a) the whole mushroom, as important nutrients are released
seen from the side; and into the soil. The nutrients are then
(b) cut the surface of the absorbed and used by plants.
mushroom. (g) Some types of ascomycetes and
5. Compare your results with Figure basidiomycetes develop symbiotic
5.16. relationship with roots of higher

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