Page 90 - General and Inorganic Chemistry for Advanced Secondary Schools Students Book Form Five and Six
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Biology for Secondary Schools
plant to form mycorrhiza. The (d) Some parasitic fungi, such as
hyphae of fungi spread apart and certain types of ascomycetes
increase the surface area of the produce poisonous substances
vascular plant roots. This helps called mycotoxins. The most
the plant roots to absorb more common mycotoxin is known
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nutrients from the soil. as aflatoxin, which is commonly
found in harvested maize and
Disadvantages of fungi groundnuts that have been left
(a) Some fungi cause diseases in moist places. Aflatoxin is
to human beings and other carcinogen (cancer causing agent).
organisms. Some of the diseases (e) Some mushrooms, such as
caused by fungi in humans Amanita sp. are poisonous to
include; athlete’s foot, ringworm, humans when eaten.
meningitis, and skin infections. (f) Some fungi, such as moulds and
In some people, the fungal spores other parasitic fungi cause food
can cause allergic reactions. spoilage.
(b) In plants, some fungi, such
as ascomycetes cause various
diseases like potato blight, maize Exercise 5.5
rust, rice blast, and powdery 1. Suppose you are in a class and
mildew in beans and other your Biology teacher brings
legumes. Some fungi attack an unknown specimen. Which
timber used in building houses characteristics will you look for
and making furniture. to confirm that it belongs to the
(c) Some fungi, such as Candida kingdom Fungi?
albicans live in the bodies 2. Name the phylum to which each
of human beings. They grow of the following organisms
naturally in the human body, belongs.
particularly in the mouth, throat, (a) Bread mould
gut, and female reproductive tracts (b) Mushroom
without causing any harm. These (c) Yeast
fungi can cause infection if they 3. Due to the occurrence of
grow in excess and enter deep into ringworm caused by fungi,
the body organs and systems, such many people view fungi as a
as in the blood stream, kidney, threat. How would you educate
heart or brain.
them on the beneficial aspects
of fungi in our daily lives?
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