Page 209 - Physics

Work, energy and power

mechanical energy due to the the substance. Thermal energy can be transferred
motion of the objects is known as between objects through conduction, convection,
kinetic energy (KE). or radiation. It plays a crucial role in everyday

Electrical energy is due to the processes, from cooking food to powering
kinetic energy of the moving engines and regulating climate. Thermal energy
electric charges in a circuit. Electric is useful in cooking as shown in Figure 9.7.
charges pose energy due to their

position. This energy is known as
the electric potential energy and is
determined by the electric forces
between the charges. Devices such
as batteries store energy in form of
the electric potential energy. That is,
when a battery is charged it stores
the electric potential energy so Figure 9.7: Thermal energy from natural gas
that it can be used later. Figure 9.6

shows some batteries connected to Nuclear energy comes from the potential energy
an electric bulb converting stored possessed by the constituents of an atomic
electrical energy into light. nucleus. The nuclear constituents are subject to
both strong and weak nuclear forces and have
nuclear potential energy. Nuclear energy can be
released during nuclear reactions and radioactive

decay. Nuclear reactions involve nuclear fi ssion
and fusion. These reactions can be made to occur
in a special facility called a nuclear reactor. A
Figure 9.6: Battery powering an sketch of a nuclear reactor is shown in Figure 9.8.
electric bulb

Heat or thermal energy is
the energy that comes from the
movement of particles within a
substance. As particles move and

collide, they generate heat, which
is a measure of thermal energy.
The faster the particles move, the
higher the thermal energy and,
consequently, the temperature of Figure 9.8: Nuclear reactor

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