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Biology for Secondary Schools


                           Parasympathetic                  Sympathetic
                   Constricts pupil                                  Dilates pupil


                                                                    Inhibit flow of saliva
             Stimulates flow of saliva
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                                                                     Accelerates heartbeat
                  Slows heartbeat



                                                                       Dilates bronchi
              Constricts bronchi


                                                                     Inhibits peristalsis

              Stimulates peristalsis                                 Conversion of glycogen
                                                                     to glucose

                Stimulates glucose                                 Secretion of adrenaline
                storage                                            and noradrenaline


                Stimulates bladder                                  Inhibits bladder contraction
                contraction

                             Figure 2.11: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.


                       Activity 2.4:                   Procedure

                                                           Observe the chart or diagram of
            Exploring the autonomic nervous system         autonomic nervous system and match
            in ‘flight or rest’ (or identifying and        the flashcards of organs reactions
            exploring the reaction of the sympathetic      for sympathetic and parasympathetic
            and parasympathetic nervous systems)           reflex.

             Materials                                 Question
                Chart or diagram of autonomic          1.  Explain the scenario and reactions
                nervous system showing human               in each organ for sympathetic and
                organs involved in parasympathetic         parasympathetic reflex.
                and sympathetic nervous system         2.  Tabulate the name of the organ and
                (Figure 2.10), flashcard of reactions      the reaction related to sympathetic
                of sympathetic and parasympathetic         or parasympathetic reflex.
                influence





                                                    33               Student’s Book - Form Three



                                                                                          23/10/2025   11:52:34
     BIOLOGY FORM 3 FINAL EDITED 16.09.2025.indd   33 KAMISHNA                            23/10/2025   11:52:34                     KAMISHNA
     BIOLOGY FORM 3 FINAL EDITED 16.09.2025.indd   33
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