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on, the route from the Internet to any subnet of a (ii) Subnet mask: A subnet
given IP address remains the same. mask is also a 32-bit number
that separates the network
portion of the IP address Chapter Three: Advanced Computer Networks
from the host portion.
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Common subnet masks
include 255.255.255.0 (for
a /24 network).

(b) Network and host
portions
(i) Network portion: The
part of the IP address
that identifies the specific
network as determined
by the subnet mask.
(ii) Host portion: The part
of the IP address that
identifies a specific
device (host) within that
network.

(c) Subnetting process
(i) Determine the network
Figure 3.18: Network subnets
requirements: Identify

Subnetting is a method used to divide a single the number of subnets
IP network into smaller, more manageable needed and the number
subnetworks or subnets. This process helps in of hosts per subnet.
optimising network performance, enhancing (ii) Select an appropriate
security, and making efficient use of IP addresses. subnet mask: Choose a
Subnetting involves breaking down a large network subnet mask that supports
into smaller segments, each with its own unique the required number of
network identifier.
subnets and hosts.
Key concepts in Subnetting (iii) Calculate subnet

(a) IP address and subnet mask addresses: Use the
subnet mask to determine
(i) IP Address: An IP address is a 32-bit number
(IPv4) represented in dotted-decimal notation the range of IP addresses
(e.g., 192.168.1.1). within each subnet.

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Student’s Book Form Five

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