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English

tenses are the central divisions of time in English. The past represents actions
that happened earlier, whereas the present represents actions happening now. The
future refers to actions that will happen later.

Each of the present, past and future tenses has four distinct sub-groups that provide
further details. For instance, the continuous aspect indicates that an action is in
progress. It can be applied across present (e.g., she is sleeping); past (e.g., she was
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sleeping); or future (e.g., she will be sleeping) contexts. Tenses are often considered
to be the backbone and the most fundamental element of English. Tenses help you
describe actions that take place at different times. It helps to give clarity to your
context and the information you are trying to convey. It also allows you to build
complex sentence structures. Therefore, if you want to convey information clearly
and promptly, you should know how to use all the twelve tenses.

(e) Practise appropriate use of tenses in meaningful contexts using all forms: positive
and negative statements, and questions. Use the following conversational cards as
description prompts to talk about the past.

Conversation cards

Think of three things that Think about the last time Nowadays many people
didn’t exist 20 years ago. you had a lot of fun with have mobile phones. How
What did people do without friends. What did you do? did your grandparents send
them? Could you live Talk about it. and receive information?
without them?

Christopher Columbus is Older people sometimes How is life today different
one of the most famous talk about the good old from life 100 years ago?
explorers ever. What do you days. What do they mean? Give examples.
know about him? Discuss.

Activity 3.5 Preparing speeches on various topics
(a) Read the following brainstorming questions and discuss them.
1. How can effective speech preparation contribute to audience engagement
and comprehension?
2. What strategies can speakers employ to tailor their speeches to different
audiences and occasions?
3. How does outlining and organising a speech contribute to its clarity and
impact?
4. What role does rehearsal play in enhancing the delivery of a speech, and
what techniques can be used to rehearse effectively?
5. How can speakers effectively incorporate visual aids, storytelling, or
rhetorical devices to enhance speech delivery and impact?

Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) 43 Form Five

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