Page 31 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

3. After ploughing a maize field, the farmer realises that the land is prone to
erosion. What soil conservation measures can be put in place before planting
to prevent soil loss?
4. After clearing and ploughing the land, what factors should a farmer consider
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before planting maize to ensure optimal harvest?

Soil water and nutrients management
A maize plant requires adequate moisture during the first four to five weeks
after seed germination and at the reproductive stage. The most critical period is
during silking, which is essential for pollination, fertilisation and grain filling.
Maize performs well in areas with well-distributed rainfall. However, towards
harvesting, dry conditions are required to facilitate the drying of the grains. In
low-rainfall areas, irrigation helps to boost maize productivity. Drip irrigation
is efficient for conserving water and improving yield. Furrow irrigation works
well for clay soils due to better water retention. Choosing the right method of
irrigation depends on soil type, water availability, and management. Additionally,
harvesting rainwater for irrigation during dry spells is essential to support healthy
growth during key stages like flowering and grain filling.

The use of fertiliser and manure is one of the necessary practices for better yield.
Maize requires both phosphorus and nitrogenous fertilisers. Phosphatic fertilisers
are applied during sowing, and nitrogenous fertilisers are applied as top-dressed
when the maize plants are about 45 - 60 cm high (knee height). Agricultural
extension workers should be consulted for the correct and appropriate type and
amount of fertiliser to apply.

Activity 2.5

1. Design a simple irrigation setup; then:

(a) Use it to supply water to the crop plants in the school maize field;
(b) Evaluate your irrigation set-up based on its general performance, amount
of water used and cost of operation.

2. With the help of a nearby agricultural extension worker, identify recommended
fertiliser application rates in the plot you have established and apply them.

3. Prepare a report and keep it in your portfolio.

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