Page 273 - Agriculture_Form_Three

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

by least management in which little care and no supplemental feeding or fertilisation
is provided. In Tanzania, fish farming systems are commonly grouped according to
the type of culture used and rearing facilities used.

Integrated system of rearing fish

Fish farming can be done together with other farm businesses in a mutual relationship.
This system is called integrated fish farming. Integrated fish farming is a system
of producing fish in combination with crop/livestock production which is centred
around the fish pond. This is achieved by sharing space, inputs, by-products and
labour associated with crops and other livestock particularly by using or re-using
materials available on the farm. Integrated fish farming allows many of the inputs,
products and by-products of a farm to be shared so as to make the overall operation
more economical. A schematic presentation of this system is shown in Figure 12.1.
Under integrated fish farming, the waste/by-products from one enterprise become
the input to other enterprises as shown in Figure 12.1.

Manure & food waste
Fish pond
Waste fish

Water

Water

Wastes or greens Animals

Vegetable garden
Manure

Figure 12.1: Example of integrated fish farming

Fish rearing facilities

Generally, fish rearing facilities include ponds (earthen, concrete and lined ponds),
net enclosures, tanks (concrete or plastic tanks), raceways, cages and pens (refer to
Figures 12.2 (a) to (f)). It is important to note that wherever soil can reserve enough
water, earthen ponds are preferred to concrete or lined ponds so as to reduce the
initial capital of pond construction. The earthen pond seems simple as it can utilise
locally available materials in construction and maintenance.

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