Page 100 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

Exercise 4.2 7. Mineral salts are absorbed from
1. Describe adaptations of root hairs the soil by active transport.
to their function.
8. Water and dissolved minerals move
2. Explain the difference between up the xylem by transpiration pull,
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root pressure and transpiration capillarity, and root pressure.
pull.
9. Transpiration is the process by
3. Describe the transpiration process.
which plants lose water through
4. Differentiate guttation from their stomata. Transpiration is
transpiration. important because it

5. Explain the importance of stomata (a) helps to maintain the
in a leaf. transpiration stream;

(b) enables the loss of excess
Chapter summary
water in a plant;
1. The vascular system in plants is (c) enables the absorption and
made up of xylem and phloem distribution of water and
tissues.
mineral salts in a plant;
2. Xylem transports water and (d) helps to cool the plant; and
mineral salts from the roots to all
parts of the plant. (e) maintains osmosis and keeps
the cells rigid.
3. Phloem transports manufactured
food from the site of photosynthesis 10. Transpiration is affected by the
to other parts of the plant. plant and environmental factors.

4. The distribution of vascular Features of the plant include leaf
bundles is different in roots, stems size, number of leaves, size of root
and leaves of dicotyledonous and system, thickness of leaf cuticle,
monocotyledonous plants. size of air spaces within the leaf
mesophyll, number and position
5. Root hairs are extensions of the
epidermal cells of the root. They of stomata. Environmental factors

absorb water and mineral salts include temperature, wind and air
from the soil. movement, availability of soil
moisture and relative humidity.
6. Water is absorbed from the soil by
the process known as osmosis.

94 Student’s Book - Form Two

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BIOLOGY FORM 2 NEW.indd 94
BIOLOGY FORM 2 NEW.indd 94 05/10/2024 15:36:36