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Physics for Secondary Schools












          FOR ONLINE READING ONLY


                  (m) Stars           (n) Candle        (o) Traffic light      (p) Moon











                                   (r) Light emitting
             (q) Watasenia plants      diodes             (s) Lighter          (t) Torch



           Propagation and transmission
           of light                                         Activity 4.1
           The propagation and transmission      Aim:         To explore rays and beams of light
           of light are foundational concepts    Materials:   a flashlight or small handheld

           in understanding how light                         torch (can use a phone flashlight
           behaves as it travels and interacts                if available), piece of cardboard
           with  different  media.  Light                     or stiff paper, small mirror, piece
                                                              of thin cloth or plastic (like a
           moves at incredible  speeds and                    transparent bag or thin cotton),
           interacts with various materials in                needle or sharp object to create
           unique ways.  This phenomenon                      holes, dust, chalk powder, or
           encompasses     a    variety   of                  flour to make light paths visible

           processes,  including  reflection,                 (optional)
           refraction,  and absorption, all of   Procedure
           which play a crucial role in how      1.  Create a single small hole at the centre of
           we perceive our surroundings.            the cardboard. Ensure the hole is just big
                                                    enough for a narrow beam of light to pass
           Rays and beams of light                  through. We will use this narrow beam of

           To explore the concept of a ray and      light as a model of a ray of light.
           a beam of light, perform Activity     2.  Turn on the flashlight and place the
           4.1 and Activity 4.2                     cardboard in front of it, allowing the light


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                                                                         Student’s Book Form Two



     Physics Form 2 Final.indd   126                                                        25/10/2025   10:27
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