Page 153 - Computer_Science_F5

Computer Science Network layer design issues
Network layer involves several design issues that need to be addressed to ensure
efficient and reliable data transmission across networks. Table 3.1 describe the key
consideration for the network layer design.
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Table 3.1: Key design consideration for the network layer
S/n Key issues to Action Description
consider
1. Routing Finding the The network layer needs to determine the
Best path optimal route for data packets to travel from
source to destination. This involves choosing
the path with the least congestion, delay, or
cost. Routing protocols like Open Shortest
Path First (OSPF) and Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) are used to achieve this.

2. Addressing Unique Every device on a network needs a unique
identification identifier, like an IP address, to allow for
proper routing of data packets. The network
layer ensures that these addresses are assigned
and managed correctly.

3. Packet Dividing and The network layer often breaks down large
switching conquering data files into smaller packets for efficient
transmission. It’s responsible for adding
header information to these packets, including
source and destination addresses, and for
reassembling them at the receiving end.

4. Error handling Ensuring Errors can occur during data transmission.
data integrity The network layer might implement error
detection and correction mechanisms to
ensure data arrives intact. This might involve
adding checksums to packets and requesting
retransmission of corrupted data.

5. Congestion Avoiding Networks can become congested when too
control gridlock much data tries to flow through them. The
network layer might employ techniques like
congestion avoidance algorithms to regulate
traffic flow and prevent network overload.

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Computer Science Form 5.indd 144 23/07/2024 12:33