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S/n Key issues to Action Description
consider
6. Security Protecting Security threats like eavesdropping and data Chapter Three: Advanced Computer Networks
data manipulation exist on networks. The network
layer might be involved in implementing
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basic security measures to protect data in
transit, such as access control lists (ACLs)
or encryption (although higher-level layers
typically handle more robust security).

7. Interoperability Speaking Networks often consist of devices from
the same different vendors using various protocols.
language The network layer plays a role in ensuring
these devices can communicate seamlessly
by adhering to standardised protocols like
TCP/IP

Network layer routing Virtual circuit service: This establishes a
The network layer plays a crucial pre-defined connection between source
role in getting data packets from their and destination, similar to a phone call.
source to their intended destination Packets follow this established path for
across a network. This layer relies on a more reliable delivery.
special tool called a routing algorithm
to determine the optimal path for Power of routing protocols
packet transmission. Imagine sending a Routing algorithms are implemented
package across town. You would not just through software programs called
pick any random route; you would likely routing protocols. These protocols
use a map or GPS to find the fastest or constantly exchange information about
most efficient path. Similarly, routing network conditions (traffic, congestion)
algorithms act as a guide for network with other devices. This allows them
devices, helping them choose the best to dynamically calculate the best paths
path (least-cost path) to forward data for data packets, ensuring efficient and
packets to their destination. The network reliable data delivery.
layer can offer two main service types:
Categories of routing algorithms
Datagram service: Packets are treated There are three main categories of
independently, like sending individual routing algorithms namely, adaptive
letters. Each packet finds its way to the routing algorithms, non-adaptive routing
destination using the routing algorithm. algorithms, and hybrid routing algorithms.

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Student’s Book Form Five

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