Page 40 - ScienceStd4

Prevention of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis can be prevented by vaccinating infants. Other
ways to prevent it include keeping rooms well-ventilated,
practicing good hygiene and avoiding over crowded places. Do
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not share utensils with an infected person. People with TB can

be treated with medicine prescribed by a health care provider.

Exercise 5

1. How do coughing, sneezing and spitting spread
tuberculosis?

2. How can you identify a person with tuberculosis?

3. Apart from the lungs, what other body parts can be
affected by tuberculosis?

HIV and AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks white blood
cells that protect the body. Once in the body, HIV increases in

numbers and attacks white blood cells. This weakens the body
immunity and makes it unable to fight off infections. A weak
body is likely to get other diseases.

Ways of HIV Transmission

HIV is found in blood and other bodily fluids. HIV can spread
from one person to another in the following ways:

(a) Sharing toothbrushes and sharp objects like needles,

razors, pins, earrings and scissors as shown in Figure 4.
Sharing these objects with an infected person can cause
infection with HIV.

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