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Coordination in animals

with abnormal fluid accumulation, nerve, which is responsible for maintaining
potentially caused by viral infections, balance. It manifests through symptoms
allergies, or autoimmune reactions. It is such as sudden dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
characterised by sudden episodes of vertigo, imbalance, and difficulty focusing the
hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of eyes. The condition can severely impact
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ear fullness. Severe cases may lead to daily life, leading to extreme vertigo and
permanent hearing impairment and frequent coordination issues, making simple tasks
dizziness, increasing the risk of falls and and movement challenging.
disrupting everyday activities.
Deafness refers to partial or complete hearing
loss, which may be congenital (present at
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) birth) or acquired due to infections, injuries,
occurs due to prolonged exposure to loud prolonged exposure to loud noises, or
sounds from sources such as industrial genetic factors. Individuals with deafness
machinery, music, firearms, or sudden may experience difficulty detecting sounds,
explosive noises. This exposure damages challenges in understanding speech without
the delicate hair cells in the cochlea, assistance, or complete loss of auditory
leading to gradual hearing loss, difficulty perception in severe cases. This condition
understanding speech, and increased can significantly affect communication,
sensitivity to loud noises. As the damage is education, and social interactions, often
often irreversible, affected individuals may requiring hearing aids, cochlear implants, or
experience permanent hearing impairment, sign language for effective communication.
communication challenges, and social
isolation, which can contribute to mental
health issues such as depression. Activity 2.6:
Investigating the mechanism of balance
Otosclerosis is a genetic disorder that leads Procedure
to abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, In pairs, spin around for a short time and
restricting the movement of the stapes bone then stop.
and interfering with sound transmission. Questions
Individuals with this condition experience What happened after spinning around
progressive hearing loss, particularly in and stopping? How did you feel?
lower frequencies, and may develop
tinnitus. If left untreated, otosclerosis Precaution
can cause significant hearing difficulties, The area where spinning is conducted
often requiring hearing aids or surgical should be safe. The spinning should not
intervention to restore hearing function. exceed two minutes.

Vestibular neuritis (labyrinthitis) is Adaptation of the ear to its functions
an inner ear condition caused by viral The following are the adaptations of the
infections that inflame the vestibular ear to its functions:

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BIOLOGY FORM 3 FINAL EDITED 16.09.2025.indd 46
BIOLOGY FORM 3 FINAL EDITED 16.09.2025.indd 46 KAMISHNA 23/10/2025 11:52:37

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