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focused on cold machinery and the evils of capitalism. Thus,
these sociological shifts during this period caused people to feel
alienated, which is also reflected in the introspective qualities of
modernist literature.

Maganga: Certainly, Prof. However, I’m wondering how one can evaluate
the aesthetic merit of these different styles and movements.
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What criteria should one apply?
Prof. Pondamali: Aesthetic judgment in literature is inherently subjective,
influenced by personal taste and cultural context. However, we
can judge by looking at how elements of aesthetics (e.g., imagery,
symbolism, figurative language, and narrative style) are used
to create that beauty. We can also assess the effectiveness of a
literary work based on its coherence, depth of characterisation,
language mastery, and ability to evoke emotional responses or
provoke critical thinking.

Fatuma: Oh! So, would you say that literature serves as a moral compass,
guiding us towards certain values or perspectives?

Prof. Pondamali: Literature undoubtedly shapes our moral imagination by
presenting us with diverse characters, ethical dilemmas and
societal critiques. However, its role isn’t prescriptive; rather,
it invites readers to engage in moral reflection and empathy,
critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and cultural awareness
fostering a deeper understanding of human experience.

Maganga: In essence, literature helps us navigate the complexities
of existence, offering glimpses into different worlds and
perspectives, while simultaneously challenging and affirming
our values.

Fatuma: Absolutely. And, through this exploration of aesthetics and
values, we not only appreciate the beauty of language and
storytelling but also gain insights into the human condition.

Prof. Pondamali: Well said, Fatuma! Literature continues to enrich our lives,
offering solace, inspiration, and a profound connection to our
shared humanity.

(b) Reflect on the conversation between Prof. Pondamali, Maganga and Fatuma using
the questions that follow and write a summary of your reflection.

1. How does Prof. Pondamali’s characterisation of literature as a mirror to society
influence our understanding of different literary eras and styles?

Form Five 154 Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE)

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