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Agriculture for Secondary Schools

moths before they lay eggs. In larger fields, these methods are not practical, so
using recommended insecticides may be necessary. Always get advice from an
agricultural extension worker before spraying.

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Figure 6.4 (a): Cutworm on the base of common pea seedlings

Aphids: Aphids are small green or black insects that cluster on pea stems and leaf
undersides, sucking sap and weakening the plant (Figure 6.4 (b)). They cause leaf
curling, produce honeydew that leads to sooty mould; and spread viruses like the
Pea Mosaic virus. Control methods include application of plant-based extracts
such as neem extract, use of soapy water, removal of infested plants, encouraging
natural predators like ladybird beetles, and use of synthetic insecticides when
necessary under the guidance of an expert.

Figure 6.4 (b): Common pea infested by aphids

Pod-sucking bugs: These are pests that pierce on young pea pods and suck the
sap from the pods and seeds (Figure 6.4 (c)). This causes the peas to become
shrivelled and discoloured. It also lowers the quality of the produce. These
bugs are usually shield-shaped and come in different colours. In small fields,
their number can be reduced by hand-picking them. In large fields, spraying
recommended insecticides during pod formation helps to control them. Always

Student’s Book Form Three 95

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