Page 139 - Biology_Form_3

Biology for Secondary Schools

Glossary

Accommodation Ability of the eye to adjust focus for near and
distant objects
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Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction
and nerve signal transmission

Adaptation Structural, behavioural, or physiological
feature that improves an organism’s chances
of survival in its environment
Addison’s disease Disorder where the adrenal glands produce
insufficient cortisol and aldosterone, causing
fatigue, low blood pressure, and skin
pigmentation changes
Adrenal glands Pair of glands located above the kidneys that
produce hormones like adrenaline, cortisol,
and aldosterone, involved in stress response
and metabolism
Adrenaline Hormone secreted by adrenal glands that
regulate blood sugar level, heartbeat, blood
pressure and eye pupil size in order to prepare
the body for danger
Afferent neurone Another term for sensory neurone, which carries
impulses toward the CNS
Amino acids Building blocks of proteins, essential for various
biological functions
Antibiotic Substance that destroy or inhibits the growth
of bacteria

Auditory canal Tube-like passage leading from the outer ear
to the inner ear through the middle ear
Autotroph Organism that produces its own food using
light or chemical energy
Axon Long protoplasmic process from the cell body
of a neurone

Behavioural regulation Change in animals behaviour to maintain
homeostasis

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