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Glossary

Glucose Simple sugar usually formed in plants as a
result of photosynthesis. It is the end product
of carbohydrate digestion in animals

Glycogen Form in which sugar/glucose is stored in the
animal body
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Gout Disease in which defective metabolism of
uric acic causes arthritis especially in small
bones of the feet. It is characterised by painful
inflammation of the joints, especially the feet
and the hands
Growth Hormone (GH) Hormone produced by the pituitary gland
that stimulates growth, cell regeneration, and
metabolism
Hallucinogen Drug that causes hallucinations
Hibernation A state of a deep sleep, which animals undergo
to slow down their metabolic rate usually for
survival purposes
High blood pressure (hypertension) Blood pressure raised above the normal that
can be a result of prolonged emotional stress
Hindbrain Posterior region of the brain composed of the
cerebellum and medulla oblongata
Homeostasis The body’s ability to maintain a stable
internal environment despite external changes,
regulated partly by the endocrine system
Hormone Chemical messenger produced by endocrine
glands that travels through the bloodstream
to target organs, influencing physiological
processes

Hydrotropism Plant growth response to moisture gradients
in the soil

Hyperglycaemia Abnormally high concentration of glucose in
the blood

Hypermetropia Long sightedness, ability to see clearly at long
distances but not close objects
Hyperparathyroidism Condition where the parathyroid glands
overproduce parathyroid hormone (PTH),
leading to excessive calcium in the blood and
weak bones

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