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There are other minor style elements, such as the title. The writer tries to choose
a title which attracts readers to read and say something about what they will find
inside the book or poem.
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Questions

1. What are the five main elements of form?
2. Why is conflict important in literature?
3. What is characterisation?
4. What is dialogue? How is dialogue used in a drama?
5. Why is the title of a play important?
6. “A story without a plot is like a car without an engine”. Argue for or
against this claim.
7. Can there be a literary text without elements of form? Explain.

(b) Read the following text. Then, answer the questions that follow:

Content refers to what a writer says to the audience through language, especially
during descriptions and characterisations. It contains four elements. The first is a
theme. A theme is the central idea or issue a literary piece portrays. A text has a
central theme and minor themes. For example, in Ngugi’s “This Time Tomorrow”,
the main theme is Post-Colonial disillusionment, and minor themes include poverty,
misuse of religion and exploitation. The second element of content is conflict. As
we said above, conflict is the basis of the story. Without conflict, there is no plot.

There are many different kinds of conflicts, including the following:
(i) Intrapersonal conflict: This refers to a psychological struggle within a
character, often involving a dilemma where a character’s thoughts, emotions,
values, or desires clash. We can call it a battle between a character’s mind and
heart, or a difficult choice a character is facing internally.
(ii) Interpersonal conflict: It refers to a struggle or misunderstanding between
characters. It could be the main character and another character, or between
two other characters.
(iii) Social conflict: It refers to a struggle between a character and society, or
between groups in society, which may even lead to war or other social
problems.
(iv) Family conflict: refers to struggles or misunderstandings of characters within
a family.

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