Page 25 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

body whose immune system is already It is not a fixed rule of what to eat
weak. Sick people are supposed to each day, but just a general guide that
increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, helps to choose the right healthy diet. It

and water. Fruits provide vitamins helps an individual to eat better every
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that are required to fight diseases. day. The base constitutes foods that are

Vegetables provide essential minerals required in larger amounts while the
for the proper functioning of many body apex constitutes foods that need to be
systems. Water replaces the amount of taken in lesser amounts. The food guide

water lost during sickness for example pyramid is not universal for all groups
through diarrhoea or vomiting. of people, it depends on the needs and
health status of a person. For example,
It is advisable to use the food guide a diabetic person should not consume a

pyramid in determining what to eat. lot of carbohydrates as indicated in the
The food guide pyramid is a chart pyramid. Similarly, the elderly require

showing the recommended amounts of small amounts of carbohydrates but
variety of foods that dieticians consider more proteins and vitamins.
as healthy for eating. Figure 1.8 shows

an example of a food guide pyramid.

Sources of lipids (For example: coconut,
cashewnut, and butter)

Sources of proteins (For example: chicken
beef, fish, egg, milk, and beans)

Sources of vitamins and minerals
(For example: fruits and vegetables)

Sources of carbohydrates (For
example: sweet potato, maize,
banana, and cassava)

Figure 1.8: Food guide pyramid

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