Page 26 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

Activity 1.2: Plan a balanced diet Nutritional deficiencies
These deficiencies arise when the body
Materials does not have a sufficient supply of
Various foods and charts showing particular food nutrients. Examples

different types of food of common nutritional deficiencies
FOR ONLINE READING ONLY
Procedure in humans include marasmus (acute

1. Plan a menu consisting of balanced malnutrition), kwashiorkor (acute
malnutrition with oedema), and rickets.
meals for a day considering each
of the following special groups Marasmus
of people: pregnant women and Marasmus is a form of malnutrition in

lactating mothers, children, the children caused by a lack of adequate
amounts of food nutrients (starvation).
elderly, sedentary workers, and
sick people. Symptoms of marasmus: A child
suffering from marasmus shows weight
2. In your menu, state what you loss, slowed growth, decreased activity
would serve each special group and a lack of energy. He or she also has
for breakfast, lunch and dinner. wrinkled skin and extreme hunger. The

3. Prepare a brief report. child also cries often.

Prevention of marasmus: Marasmus
Nutritional deficiencies and disorders
is prevented by giving the child
Task 1.5 adequate amounts of food that contains
Search for information from the library all the nutrients in the right proportions.
and internet sources on nutritional

deficiencies and disorders. Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is caused by a deficiency
of proteins. It affects children, mostly
There are different types of nutritional
deficiencies and disorders in human after stopping to breast-feed or during
beings, which are generally called weaning.
malnutrition. Malnutrition refers to Symptoms of kwashiorkor: The
lack of proper nutrition caused by symptoms of kwashiorkor include
imbalance of nutrients in the body. It is extremely thin arms and legs, poor
a result of not having enough nutrients growth, swollen abdomen due to
or excess consumption of certain food enlargement of the liver, and reddish

nutrients. or yellowish thin and weak hair. Other
symptoms are weakened immunity,

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