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Chemistry
for Secondary Schools

Chapter

Five Acids, bases, and salts

FOR ONLINE READING ONLY

Introduction

Acids, bases, and salts are essential for the proper functioning of our bodies
and the health of the environment. Medicines, foodstuffs, and fertilisers are
among the substances that contain acids, bases, or salts. In this chapter, you
will learn about acids, bases, acid-base indicators, salts, their properties, and
uses. The competencies developed will enable you to prepare and use acids,

bases, acid-base indicators and salts, as well as apply the concept of acid-base
neutralisation in daily life.

Think

The usefulness of acids, bases and salts in daily life

Acids

Task 5.1

Use reliable online simulations, and other resources to explore the concepts of
acids and their applications in daily life.

An acid is any substance which produces hydrogen ions (H ) in water as the
+
positively charged ions. In this case, acids are substances made of hydrogen ions
and other ions.

Some acids occur naturally, but others are synthesised (do not occur naturally).
Therefore, acids can be categorised as natural acids and synthetic acids. The
substances which contain natural acids include sour milk and citrus fruits, such as
oranges, lemons, and limes. Figure 5.1 and Table 5.1 show some natural sources
of acids.

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