Page 140 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

and podding stages. They can be controlled by using plant-based extracts or
approved biological sprays. In serious cases, chemical pesticides may be used
with guidance from crop extension workers.

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Figure 8.4: Pigeon pea pod borers and the damage they cause

Pod-sucking bugs: Pod-sucking bugs are another group of pests that damage
developing pods. They are usually shield-shaped and pierce the pod wall with
their mouthparts to suck the sap from developing seeds. Damaged pods may
shrivel, and seeds may remain undeveloped or discoloured. These bugs are most
active during the pod-filling stage. Hand-picking, maintaining field hygiene,
and using natural repellent sprays can help manage the bugs. In some cases,
recommended synthetic insecticides may be used under supervision. Figure 8.5
shows an adult pigeon pea bug and its egg masses on a pod.

Figure 8.5: An adult pigeon pea bug and its egg masses on a pod
Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects found on young shoots. They suck
plant sap and cause leaves to curl and turn yellow. Aphids also spread viruses.
They can be managed by spraying soapy water, removing infested plants, or
encouraging natural enemies like ladybird beetles. Synthetic insecticides may be
used under guidance of extension workers. Figure 8.6 illustrates aphid infestation
on pigeon pea.

Student’s Book Form Three 131

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AGRICULTURE F3.indd 131