Page 141 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

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Figure 8.6: Aphid infestation on pigeon pea

Bruchids: These are storage pests that damage dry pigeon pea seeds. Adult
bruchids lay eggs on stored seeds. When the larvae hatch, they bore into the
seeds, creating small holes and reducing seed quality, making them unfit for use
or sale. To control bruchids, seeds should be properly dried and stored in clean,
airtight containers, Ash, neem leaves (if available) or recommended pesticides
can also be used for added protection.

Common diseases of pigeon pea and their management
Pigeon peas are affected by various common diseases. These diseases reduce
plant growth and crop yield. Most of them are caused by fungi, including
Fusarium wilt, leaf spot, and powdery mildew. These spread through soil, crop
remains, water and air. Early detection and good agricultural field practices help
to control them. Knowing the symptoms and causes is important for choosing the
right control method.
Fusarium wilt: This is a serious and common fungal disease in pigeon pea fields.
The causative agent is a soil-borne organism that persists in the soil for long periods
in the form of spores. It spreads through infected soil and old plant remains. It
causes lower leaves to turn yellow and dry (refer to Figure 8.7). Infected plants
wilt and may die suddenly, starting from the base. It is worse in fields where
pigeon peas are grown every season without rotation. Using clean seed, planting
in well-drained soils, and rotating crops can help manage the disease.

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