Page 18 - Biology Form Two

Biology for Secondary Schools

Mineral Sources Functions Deficiency symptoms
Sodium Table salt, soy (i) Necessary for (i) Muscle cramps
sauce, milk, bread, nerve transmission (ii) Poor nerve
vegetables, and (ii) Needed for muscle transmission
processed foods contraction
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(iii) Necessary for
protein making
(iv) Needed for proper
fluid balance

Chloride Table salt, eggs, Maintenance of water Poor digestion of
milk, meat, sea and ionic balance in the proteins
foods, and whole body and formation of
grain foods hydrochloric acid in the
stomach
Magnesium Spinach, pumpkin (i) Maintaining a (i) Muscle weakness
seeds, sesame healthy immune (ii) Irregular heartbeat
seeds, beans, nuts, system (iii) Weak bones
sea foods, and (ii) Making proteins
magnesium (iii) Contraction of
muscles
(iv) Transmission of
nerve impulses
(v) Strengthening of
bones
Iodine Sea foods, dairy Production of thyroid (i) Goitre (enlarged
products, and hormone which regulate thyroid gland)
iodized table salt growth, development, (ii) Growth
and metabolism retardation
(iii) Mental retardation
(iv) Still birth

Fluoride Fish, fluorinated (i) Development of (i) Poor development
water or water teeth and bones of bones and teeth
naturally containing (ii) Helps to prevent (ii) Tooth decay
fluorine, and most tooth decay
varieties of tea such
as green tea

12 Student’s Book - Form Two

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