Page 211 - Agriculture_Form_3

Agriculture for Secondary Schools

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Figure 10.7: Feedlot feeding for beef cattle

Supplementary feeding
Natural feeds, such as pasture grass and crop residues, may not always provide
enough nutrients for beef cattle. This is common during dry seasons, when green
grasses/pastures are scarce and feed quality is poor. Supplementary feeding
means giving extra feeds to meet the animal’s nutritional needs. It is important
for animals that are growing fast, recovering from diseases, lactating, or being
fattened for market. Supplementary feeds may include energy-rich feeds like
molasses and cereal brans, and protein meals such as oilseed cakes. They may
also include mineral licks like salt blocks and vitamin additives. Supplementary
feeding helps animals to maintain good body condition, improves growth, and
supports better meat production even when natural feeds are not enough.

Note: Supplementary feeds can be made by mixing different feed materials
found in the local area. This should be done using special formulae or
with advice from livestock extension workers or experienced livestock
farmers.

Feeding needs
The amount and type of feed a beef animal requires depend on several factors.
These include age, body size, health condition, and the animal’s purpose. Young
animals need more protein and energy to support fast growth. Larger animals
eat more feed because of their larger body size. Sick or weak animals may need
soft, high-quality feeds that are easy to digest. Pregnant or lactating cattle need
more nutrients to support calf development and milk production. Animals kept in
feedlots for fattening require high-energy and protein feeds to grow quickly and

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